A DM2 anteriormente conhecida como DM não-insulino dependente é a forma mais comum de DM caracterizada por hiperglicemia, resistência à insulina e deficiência relativa de insulina, associada a obesidade abdominal. A DM2 a partir da interação entre fatores genéticos, ambientais (desvios de nutrição, sedentarismo ou ausência de exercícios, alterações biopsicossociais e comportamentais de risco). As pessoas que vivem com DM2 são mais vulneráveis a várias formas de ambas complicações as curto e as de longo prazo, que muitas vezes levam a sua morte prematura. Esta tendência de aumento da morbidade e mortalidade é observada em pacientes com DM2 por causa da vulgaridade desse tipo de DM, o seu início insidioso e reconhecimento tardio, e este estado silencioso da DM2 representa a ponta de um imenso Iceberg (um Iceberg aparece na superfície do mar com apenas 1/8 de seu pico para fora).
THE OBESITY RELEVANCE, INTRA-ABDOMINAL OBESITY OR VISCERAL OBESITY WITH NO CONTROL OF DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 2.
THE TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS (DM2) IS A METABOLIC CHRONIC DISEASE IN THE PREVALENCE HAS RISEN PROGRESSIVELY WORLDWIDE AND COME TOGETHER IN MORE THAN 90% OF CASES OF INTRA- ABDOMINAL OBESITY, LIVER HEPATIC STEATOSIS OR FAT LIVER. AS A RESULT OF THIS TREND THAT IS QUICKLY BECOMING AN EPIDEMIC IN SOME COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD, AS A RESULT THE NUMBER OF AFFECTED PERSONS SHOULD DOUBLE IN THE NEXT DECADE. PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY-NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY-GENETICS-ENDOCRINE-PEDIATRICS (SUBDIVISION OF ENDOCRINOLOGY): DR. JOÃO SANTOS CAIO JR. ET DRA. HENRIQUETA VERLANGIERI CAIO.
The screening and diagnosis is still based on World Health Organization (WHO) and the American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria that include both clinical and laboratory parameters. No cure has yet been found for the disease, however, treatment modalities include lifestyle changes, treating obesity, oral hypoglycemic agents, a biguanide that lowers insulin resistance as metformin, it is still recommended first-line drugs for obese patients especially. Other effective drugs include secretagogues not sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, and insulin. Recent research into the pathophysiology of type 2 DM has led to the introduction of new drugs such as glucagon-like peptide 1 analogoues: dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 and 11ff-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1, liberating glucokinase activators agonists of insulin and fatty acid receptor-G-protein pancreatic-coupled, glucagon receptor antagonists, inhibitors of metabolic hepatic glucose production and quick release bromocriptine. Inhaled insulin has been licensed for use in 2006, but was withdrawn from the market because of low results. DM is probably one of the oldest diseases known to man. It was first reported in Egyptian manuscript about 3.000 years ago. In 1.936, the distinction between DM1 and DM2 was made clear. DM2 was first described as a component of metabolic syndrome in 1988, the significance of metabolic syndrome described by Gerard Reaven clinical researcher associates a quartet of extremely serious diseases, intra-visceral obesity, central obesity, abdominal obesity – Hypertension - Dyslipidemia-systemic blood (total cholesterol and fractions) and DM2 (formerly known as non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (DM)) is the most common form of DM characterized by hyperglycemia, resistance insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency associated with abdominal obesity.
A DM2 results from the interaction between genetic and environmental factors (deviations of nutrition, physical inactivity or lack of exercise, biopsychosocial changes) and risk behavior. People living with DM2 are more vulnerable to various forms of complications both the short and long term, which often lead to his untimely death. This trend of increased morbidity and mortality was observed in patients with DM2 because of the vulgarity of this DM, its insidious onset and late recognition, and this quiet state of DM2 is the tip of a huge iceberg (one Iceberg appears on the sea surface with only 1/8 of its peak out).
Dr. João Santos Caio Jr.
Endocrinologia – Neuroendocrinologista
CRM 20611
Dra. Henriqueta V. Caio
Endocrinologista – Medicina Interna
CRM 28930
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AUTORIZADO O USO DOS DIREITOS AUTORAIS COM CITAÇÃO
DOS AUTORES PROSPECTIVOS ET REFERÊNCIA BIBLIOGRÁFICA.
Referências Bibliográficas:
Caio Jr, João Santos, Dr.; Endocrinologista, Neuroendocrinologista, Caio,H. V., Dra. Endocrinologista, Medicina Interna – Van Der Häägen Brazil, São Paulo, Brasil; B.M. Spiegelman, J.S. Flier, Obesity and the regulation of energy balance; Cell, 104 (2001), pp. 531–543; A.M. Fair, K. Montgomery, Energy balance, physical activity, and cancer risk, Meth. Mol. Biol., 472 (2009), pp. 57–88; M.J. Moreno-Aliaga, J.L. Santos, A. Marti, J.A. Martinez, Does weight loss prognosis depend on genetic make-up?, Obes. Rev., 6 (2005), pp. 155–168; A.G. Comuzzie, D.B. Allison, The search for human obesity genes, Science, 280 (1998), pp. 1374–1377; E.E. Calle, R. Kaaks, Overweight, obesity and cancer: epidemiological evidence and proposed mechanisms, Nat. Rev. Cancer, 4 (2004), pp. 579–591; E.E. Calle, M.J. Thun, Obesity and câncer, Oncogene, 23 (2004), pp. 6365–6378; World Health Organization, Obesity and Overweight; R. Huxley, S. Mendis, E. Zheleznyakov, S. Reddy, J. Chan, Body mass index, waist circumference and waist:hip ratio as predictors of cardiovascular risk—a review of the literature, Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 64 (2010), pp. 16–22; A.H. Mokdad, E.S. Ford, B.A. Bowman, W.H. Dietz, F. Vinicor, V.S. Bales, J.S. Marks, Prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and obesity-related health risk factors, 2001, Jama, 289 (2003), pp. 76–79; J.P. Crandall, W.C. Knowler, S.E. Kahn, D. Marrero, J.C. Florez, G.A. Bray, S.M. Haffner, M. Hoskin, D.M. Nathan, The prevention of type 2 diabetes, Nat. Clin. Pract. Endocrinol. Metab., 4 (2008), pp. 382–393; T. Pischon, U. Nothlings, H. Boeing, Obesity and câncer, Proc. Nutr. Soc., 67 (2008), pp. 128–145; T. Farhat, R.J. Iannotti, B.G. Simons-Morton, Overweight, obesity, youth, and health-risk behaviors, Am. J. Prev. Med., 38 (2010), pp. 258–267.
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